Synthetic lethality: a new way to kill cancer cells

(I-Newswire) February 22, 2010 - Ovarian and breast cancer therapies being developed that combine a protein inhibitor and traditional anticancer drugs are showing signs of success, according to a new review for Faculty of 1000 Biology Reports.

Susan Bates and Christina Annunziata looked at several recent papers on this form of treatment, which takes advantage of the synthetic lethality of BRCA (breast cancer susceptibility genes) and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) proteins to attack cancerous cells whilst sparing healthy ones.

BRCA and PARP are two key players in DNA repair and have different but complementary functions in the cell. Loss of the BRCA protein still allows the cell to survive but greatly increases its chances of becoming cancerous through the accumulation of mutations. The loss of both proteins, however, kills the cell in a process called synthetic lethality4.

Researchers, by using drugs to block the activity of PARP in cells missing BRCA, such as those found in certain breast and ovarian cancers, can help spare healthy, non-cancerous cells because they have functional BRCA and are not affected by the loss of PARP. Thus, only cancer cells without functional BRCA protein are killed by drugs that inhibit PARP.

Recent clinical trials have shown that cancers caused by mutations that knock out BRCA activity can be controlled by blocking PARP activity with specific drugs. Patients were treated with traditional anticancer drugs alone or in combination with one of two new PARP inhibitors, olaparib or BSI-201.

Bates notes that patients on combination therapy had improved “[disease] progression-free survival, and overall survival” as compared to patients treated with traditional drugs alone.

Bates is optimistic about the promise of combining PARP inhibitors with existing cancer drugs. She says that the results of these clinical trials “have provided proof of principle in achieving synthetic lethality” with PARP-inhibiting drugs and that treatments combining novel PARP inhibitors with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs have the potential to vanquish BRCA-associated breast and ovarian cancers.

-ENDS-

Notes to Editors

1. Susan Bates, Faculty Member for Faculty of 1000 Biology, is the head of Molecular Therapeutics Section at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland http://f1000biology.com/about/biography/1203890420334349

2. The full text of this article is available for subscribers at http://f1000biology.com/reports/10.3410/B2-10/ or for reporters at http://faculty1000.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/bates-report.pdf

3. F1000 Biology Reports (ISSN 1757-594X) publishes short commentaries by the world's top scientists in which the hottest biology papers/clusters of papers identified by Faculty of 1000 are put into a broader context http:// f1000biology.com/reports

4. Synthetic lethality is a concept in which blocking the activity of two proteins leads to cell death, but inhibition of either alone does not

5. Faculty of 1000 Biology, http://f1000biology.com, is a unique online service that helps scientists stay informed. Its distinguished international faculty of over 5000 top researchers elect, evaluate and provide opinion on key articles across the life sciences, creating an authoritative guide to the literature that matters

6. Please contact Steve Pogonowski, PR Manager, for a complimentary journalist subscription to Faculty of 1000 – press@f1000.com


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